Workplace safety meeting topics

For years, wildfires didn't impact many Oregonians. As long as we weren't in the immediate area, we could avoid the smoke and other hazards that arise from wildfires. However, dry summer conditions are becoming more common. If trees, bushes, or tall grass are near your home or place of business, there's a risk. Winds can carry smoke and particulate matter for miles.

Taking time to prepare for this hazard and how it may impact workers and their families can prevent difficulties down the road.
Here are a few things to keep in mind:

• Shut down outside air intakes and allow air-conditioned buildings to operate on recirculated air. Ensure filters on HVAC units are not expired.
• Keep windows and doors closed and minimize entry and exit.
• Monitor communication channels, such as public service announcements and websites, including the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and the Oregon Health Authority. The Oregon Smoke site provides information on smoke conditions.
• Stop work if air is too smoky for safe work. Reduce or eliminate other indoor and outdoor sources of air pollutants, such as vacuuming, cooking, smoking or burning fuel.

Additional resources:
SAIF handout on preparing for wildfires https://www.saif.com/Documents/SafetyandHealth/Emergency%20planning/S-1072_Prepare_your_business_for_wildfire_season.pdf
Oregon Smoke http://oregonsmoke.blogspot.com/

When most people think about UFOs, they conjure images of flying saucers and little green men. In our version, it can be a painful struck-by injury after encountering an unsafe falling or flying object (UFO).

These UFOs occur in every workplace, from offices to construction sites and from schools to auto shops. You can reduce the risk of serious injury with a little training and safe work practices.

Here are a few tips to prevent falling or flying objects:

• Secure tools when working overhead.
• Store items safely on shelves to ensure items won't fall. Inspect shelves for stability to prevent collapse. An added measure: Secure shelves and items on them so they are stable during earthquakes.
• Wear hard hats if working under equipment or other workers. Use safety glasses, goggles, or shields if working where there could be flying particles or debris.
• Properly train workers on the safe use of tools and equipment.

Additional resources:
SAIF handout on UFOs

A work zone crash occurs in Oregon every 18 hours on average, according to the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). It's not just dangerous for drivers. Road workers are six times more likely to be injured or killed on the job than other workers. 
Here are a few work zone safety tips for drivers from ODOT:

• Pay attention to the driving task. Inattention is the main cause of work zone crashes.
• Slow down for the color orange! When you see orange signs, barrels, cones, or barricades, that's your visual cue to decrease speed.
• Don't tailgate. Double your following distance in work zones to prevent a collision.
• Move over for workers when you can. When you can't move over, decrease speed.
• Expect delays and plan ahead. Use TripCheck to see if your route is under construction, and leave earlier.
• Remember, fines double in work zones for a reason. Reduce your speed, and proceed with caution.

Additional resources:
Oregon Department of Transportation Work Zone Safety page

What does a belt buckle have to do with a ladder? Easy, it's keeping your mid-section (your "belt buckle") between the two side rails of your ladder at all times. That way, you reduce the risk of falling or knocking the ladder over, which can lead to injuries at both work and home.
Remembering the belt buckle rule will prevent you from reaching or leaning out too far on a ladder. It's simple physics, with a catchy slogan.

Here's a few other quick ladder safety tips:

• Check the load rating on the ladder-and remember to calculate the weight of any tools or gear that will be on the ladder. 
• You can only reach four feet higher than the height of your ladder safely, so pick the right ladder size for your work.
• Don't lose your balance! Never stand on the top cap or the top rung of a step ladder.
• Check yourself-are you tired, ill, or otherwise impaired? It may not be a good time to get on a ladder.

Additional resources:
Watch our new video on the belt buckle rule.
Oregon OSHA | Portable ladders: How to use them so they won't let you down

SAIF video library:
Ladder Safety | GENSAFE 14 | 13 minutes
Ladder Safety | GENSAFE 15 (Spanish) | 13 minutes 

Large scale disasters are all over the news-everything from forest fires to earthquakes can happen at any time. And while we may be prepared with 21 days worth of water and food and an emergency plan for our family, have we thought about a digital "go bag" for emergencies?

There are several helpful apps that may help in the event of an emergency, and many have proven useful in past disasters, such as Hurricane Harvey. 

Here's a few free apps to help you during and after emergency events:

• FEMA - A must have for disaster, this app from the Federal Emergency Management Agency contains disaster safety tips, locations of emergency shelters, as well as real-time weather alerts. 
• American Red Cross - They have several apps to assist during emergencies, and all can be downloaded through the App Store and Google Play. These include Emergency, Tornado, Hurricane, Earthquake and Flood. While each contain helpful information about the type of disaster, they also offer a way to notify others that you are safe. 
• Zello - This app was very popular during Hurricane Irma because it turns your smartphone into a push to talk walkie talkie-a good way to stay in touch with others during emergencies.  
• ICE Medical Standard - This app puts your "In case of emergency" contact information on your lock screen-and also tracks any medications, allergies, and illnesses in order to assist first responders with your care.

Additional resources:
FEMA mobile app: https://www.fema.gov/mobile-app
American Red Cross apps: https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/mobile-apps.html

January 1 is the most popular time to make plans to be more healthy throughout the year. Many swear to make better food choices, exercise more, or reduce stress levels. According to Strava, the social network for athletes, many resolutions fail by January 12. 

But it's not all grim-there are things you can do, courtesy of Harvard Health:

• Motivation matters. Why do you want to change? The reason should be important enough to keep you going. 
• Set clear goals. If you don't know where you are going, you won't know when you get there. Make sure you can measure progress- and try not to make the goal too lofty, which results in frustration when you fail. 
• Prepare and plan. Write your goal down along with specific steps to achieve it. There are several apps that help you keep track of important life changes, too, from exercise to stress. 
• Solicit support. Research shows we are more effective in making changes if we share our goals with someone else, who can help keep us accountable when we waver. And they can also praise you when you do well, which is a great way to keep going. 
• Celebrate! This doesn't mean go out for ice cream now that you have lost 10 pounds. Instead, reflect on your accomplishment. Thinking about it and how the experience made you feel helps reinforce your positive momentum, making you more likely to accomplish your long term goal.

Additional resources:
Saif webpage: A year's worth of health and safety ideas
https://www.saif.com/safety-and-health/a-years-worth-of-health-and-safety-ideas.html
Harvard Health - Answer these questions to make your New Year's resolutions stick
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/answer-these-5-questions-to-help-make-your-new-years-resolutions-stick-2017122012940

It's the most wonderful time of the year...to get hurt? Decorating for the holiday season takes effort. It also increases the risk of injuries from falls, as well as the potential for house and office fires. 

Take some time to review these quick tips for staying safe during the holidays.

• Use the right ladder for the job. Make sure it's the right size, is in good condition, and is placed on stable, secure ground. Never use chairs, boxes, or buckets to reach higher.
• Eat healthy. Treats abound at this time of year, so be sure to ensure you are eating a balanced diet that includes fruits and vegetables. Try to limit the trips to the snack table at work.
• Reduce stress. This time of year fills schedules with increased workloads and more chores to complete. Be sure to take some time for yourself with some quick calming breaths or a nice walk outside to view the neighborhood lights (be sure to wear reflective clothing!).
• Inspect for electrical hazards. Don't overload outlets with too many cords. Ensure all cords are in good repair-those antique lights may bring memories, but they can also have frayed wiring.
• Prevent fire hazards. Never leave the kitchen unattended while something is cooking. Consider using battery-operated, rather than traditional flame candles. Be sure to check all natural trees daily to keep them well-watered.

Additional resources:
Play Spot the holiday hazard. These are 360-degree videos, so be sure to move the mouse to see the whole scene.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVgkKWf9CsM&feature=youtu.be (Home)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAGekhhO46M (Office)

Don't fall for holiday hazards-more tips and a video.
https://www.saif.com/safety-and-health/dont-fall-for-holiday-hazards.html

National Safety Council holiday safety tips
https://www.nsc.org/home-safety/tools-resources/seasonal-safety/winter/holiday

Quick question: who arrives first at the scene of a workplace injury?
Usually co-workers, so it makes good sense to review your first aid program to ensure you are prepared. But what does it include?

Oregon OSHA requires all workplaces to have an emergency medical plan to make sure medical services are available for injured employees. If the work being performed is not near emergency medical services (this is defined as allowing a quick response in the event of an emergency), the employer must have a qualified first aid person available.

If your workplace is near emergency medical services, 911 can be used.

Other items to consider:
     1)   Is your first aid kit stocked with items that will be able to treat the types of injuries that could occur at your jobsite?
          a.    Is it available to all employees on all shifts?
          b.    Do employees know the location(s)?
          c.    Is it stored where it will not be damaged or contaminated?
     2)   Communication-have you considered a way to alert others to a workplace accident?
     3)   If you have a qualified first aid person, do employees know who they are?

To learn more about requirements of a first aid program and information that could help you during an emergency, visit our first aid page. 

Workplace fatigue can lead to more errors, slower reaction times, reduced service and product quality, and a higher risk of injuries. But what causes worker fatigue?
Here are some workplace conditions that can cause fatigue:

• Poor ergonomics
• High level of noise 
• Exposure to certain chemicals 
• Long shifts and overtime 
• Workplace conflict 
• Juggling home with work   

The good news is there are many things employers can do to support workers and prevent fatigue:

• Implement flexible scheduling 
• Provide an employee assistance program (EAP) that assists employees with personal problems that may impact their job performance and well-being 
• Assess noise exposures and ergonomics and put controls in place if necessary 
• Educate supervisors on fatigue 
• Provide a place where workers can take a quick nap

Additional resources:
SAIF fatigue and shiftwork page: saif.com/sleep
Video library: Shiftwork: circadian survival | GENSAFE-50 (English/Spanish/Portuguese) | 20 minutes

Before you use that hair dryer with frayed wiring or a missing ground plug, take a moment to stop and think: Electrocution can happen in an instant. The Electrical Safety Foundation International (EFSI) reports a 15 percent increase in workplace electrical fatalities in 2016 over the previous year.
While the majority of these cases occur in the construction industry, electrical injuries can happen anywhere, at work and home.
Here are a few things you can do to keep yourself safe:

• Inspect electrical equipment for damage, including exposed wiring; missing ground prong; cracked tool casing; and frayed, spliced, or taped cord. Never use damaged electrical equipment.
• Test ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) plugs and outlets frequently. Ensure outlets are installed in areas exposed to water. 
• Take care around power lines. Look up before starting work. ·        
• Talk about electric hazards with children; you are never too young for safety.

Additional resources:
Electrical safety: https://www.saif.com/safety-and-health/topics/prevent-injuries/electrical-safety.html
Video library:
Electrical safety for nonelectricians | GENSAFE-21 (English) GENSAFE-22 (Spanish)│ 18 min
Electrical safety: safe in 87 | GENSAFE-37 (English/Spanish/Portuguese)│ 8 min
Electrical safety: beware the bite | GENSAFE-52 (English/Spanish/Portuguese/French) │ 20 min

Fire season is here, and while losses due to fire have been devastating for many, there is still a threat from the smoke left behind. Particulates cause the biggest concern, but smoke can also irritate your eyes and respiratory system. If you suffer from a chronic disease, smoke exposure can lead to serious health effects.
Here are some suggestions from the Oregon Health Authority for reducing smoke exposure:

• Stay indoors when you can; close all the doors and windows.
• Reduce indoor pollution from tobacco, candles, or wood-burning stoves. 
• Use high-efficiency particulate absorber (HEPA) filters. 
• Drink lots of water to lessen coughing and scratchy throat symptoms. 
• When driving, keep windows closed and re-circulate the air.

Additional resources:
Oregon Health Authority Wildfire Smoke and Your Health https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/Preparedness/Prepare/Documents/OHA%208626%20Wildfire%20FAQs-v6c.pdf  
DEQ Air Quality Index
http://oregonsmoke.blogspot.com/

While relatively few people work in or around water, many people enjoy water sports, including swimming, fishing, and boating. All of these activities carry risks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports an average of 10 accidental drownings each day in the U.S.
Follow these tips to safely enjoy summer water activities:

• Learn to swim. Swimming proficiency greatly reduces the risk of drowning, especially among children.
• Wear life jackets. Half of all boating deaths can be prevented with this simple safety precaution. 
• Learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). When seconds count, this could save a life.  
• Use the buddy system. Take a friend along when enjoying water activities. 
• Avoid alcohol. Driving a boat while intoxicated is against the law-and impairment increases drowning risk.

Additional resources:
Unintentional drowning: Get the facts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
https://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/water-safety/waterinjuries-factsheet.html  

Water safety (American Red Cross)
http://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/water-safety

Most of us don't give much thought to breathing. It's just what our body does naturally to get oxygen to our cells. However, poor indoor air quality can cause a host of health effects, including headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and asthma.

Here are five tips for protecting indoor air quality-at work and at home:

• Control moisture to prevent mold growth. 
• Keep all indoor areas smoke-free. 
• Perform regular maintenance on your ventilation system, including cleaning and changing filters. 
• Evaluate asthma triggers, including chemicals, pets, molds, dust mites, and outdoor pollutants. 
• Install carbon monoxide monitors.

Additional resources:
Indoor air quality topic page
Indoor air quality at home (EPA)

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that nearly 3,500 people were killed and nearly 400,000 injured in 2015 due to distracted driving. These numbers underscore the importance of preventing distracted driving-not only at work, but everywhere.

Distraction is anything that takes your attention away from the road. That includes talking on the phone, eating, talking to people in the vehicle, or playing with the radio. While busy people are always looking for ways to get more done, doing other tasks while driving can be deadly.

Here are some tips for preventing distracted driving: 

• Put the cellphone away and out of sight where you'll be less tempted to use it. Some new phones have features that prevent incoming messages while driving; consider activating them. 
• Pull over to eat rather than doing it while driving. 
• Program navigation systems and music selections before driving. If you have to change anything, pull over. 
• Don't use drive time for activities other than driving. That includes applying cosmetics, reading, or using a laptop.

Additional resources:
Distracted driving: When ignoring work calls could save your life [SAIF video]
Video library:
Distracted driving: game over | VEHICLE-22 (English/Spanish/Portuguese) │ 12 min
Driven to distraction | VEHICLE-24 │ 16 min
Driven to distraction II | VEHICLE-26 (English/Spanish/Portuguese) │ 26 min

You may not think working while sitting at a desk can be hazardous. The truth is poor working postures can result in painful musculoskeletal disorders over time. You can avoid this by simply adjusting your workstation to help you maintain good postures while working at your desk.

Don't work in an office? These adjustments can work at home, too.  

Here are some tips for good office ergonomics:

• Select a good chair that provides back support, including maintaining the natural curve of your back. 
• Use a wireless phone headset if you spend much time on the phone. 
• Position the top of your computer monitor to about eye level, and center yourself in front of it. 
• Keep your mouse at the same level as your keyboard. 
• Avoid reaching. If it happens a lot, consider moving the item closer.

Additional resources:
SAIF's ergonomics page
Video library:
Office safety basics | GENSAFE 46 | 8 minutes
Office ergonomics: simple solutions for comfort and safety | ERGO 23 | 12 minutes 

Most workplaces have some kind of ladder on hand. And that's a good thing, because ladders are designed for reaching higher spaces. Alternatives such as chairs, milk crates, or shelves are not.

We also use ladders at home for cleaning gutters, hanging Christmas lights, checking smoke alarms, and a multitude of tasks.

No matter where you are, falls from ladders can cause severe injuries. So a quick overview of ladder safety is just what the doctor ordered.

Here are some tips for safe ladder use:

• Use the right ladder for the job. 
• Follow manufacturer recommendations.
• Inspect for damage prior to every use.       
• Avoid overload by checking the ladder duty rating.
• Store ladders properly and securely.
• Maintain three points of contact when climbing up and down.

Additional resources:

Oregon OSHA | Portable ladders: How to use them so they won't let you down

SAIF video library:
Ladder Safety | GENSAFE 14 | 13 minutes
Ladder Safety | GENSAFE 15 (Spanish) | 13 minutes 

Lots of jobs have noisy environments, but you can damage your hearing off the job, too. Exposing yourself to noise that is more than 85 decibels repeatedly or over a long period of time can lead to hearing loss. Some very loud noises, such as a firecracker or a firearm, can cause immediate damage to hearing.

Here are some tips to protect your hearing:

  ·  Wear ear plugs or safety ear muffs in noisy environments. If you have to shout to talk, you probably need hearing protection.
  ·  Limit noise exposure when possible.
  ·  Turn down the radio, especially in an enclosed area, like a car.
  ·  Download a sound meter app on your smartphone to monitor noise levels in your environment.
  ·  Have your hearing tested if you think it might be damaged.

Video library:

Hearing conservation: noise under control | OCCUPAT-22 (English/Spanish/Portuguese) | 19 minutes
Protecting your hearing | OCCUPAT-26 | 13 minutes

Once fire starts, it can spread quickly, putting lives and property at risk. The best strategy? Stop fire from happening in the first place.

Here are some prevention tips:
· Keep your workplace clean; clutter can add fuel for fires.
· Keep machinery in good repair to prevent overheating.
· Store flammables and combustibles safely, and inspect frequently.
· Clear access to exits, electrical control panels, sprinkler heads, and fire extinguishers.
· Smoke in designated areas only. Better yet, call 1-800-quit-now to get tools and support for quitting.

Additional resources:

Video library:
Fire in the workplace | FIRE-05 | 18 minutes
Fire safety (safety in 8) | FIRE-06 (English/Spanish/Portuguese) | 8 minutes 

Many workers wear reflective clothing to make sure drivers and heavy equipment operators can see them while working. But why leave that great idea at work? As the days get shorter, nightly walks around the neighborhood carry a greater risk, especially if our clothing makes us less visible to drivers. 

Here are some tips when walking at night:

• Wear high visibility gear.
• Walk facing traffic. 
• Stay alert. Avoid talking or texting on cell phone. 
• Use sidewalks when you can.

Additional resources:

Be safe. Be seen: Watch the SAIF video.

Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center: Safety tips.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to provide a barrier between the hazard and the worker. Examples include safety glasses, hard hat, steel-toed boots, and gloves.
But it only works if you wear it. 

Here are some workplace tips:

• Choose PPE that fits well. Loose-fitting or tight PPE can be hazardous. Getting employees involved in PPE selection increases the likelihood that it will be worn.
• Inspect PPE every day. Replace PPE that is excessively worn, cracked, or damaged, as it will not provide protection when you need it.
• Remember to wear PPE. Many preventable injuries occur because a worker failed to wear protective gear. One great way to ensure accountability: Look out for each other and remind co-workers to wear their PPE.

Additional resources:
SAIF personal protective equipment page 

Video library
Personal protective equipment: safe in 8 | PPE-04
Personal protective equipment: awareness and attitude | PPE-05
PPE: Don't start work without it | PPE -01

All jobs have some exposure to chemicals. Gasoline, copier toner, and glass cleaner are just a few common chemicals you may interact with every day. We also are exposed to chemicals at home when we are cleaning the house or ridding the garden of pests.

How often have you read the warning labels? They can provide important information to protect you from serious health consequences.

Here are some workplace tips:

• Train regularly on workplace chemicals. Refresher training is required when a process changes or a new chemical is added. 
• Know where the safety data sheet (SDS) guide is located. Safety data sheets provide valuable information, including how to properly handle and dispose of chemicals, and necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). Train employees on how to read safety data sheets.
• Accurately label all chemicals to ensure proper handling and prevent mix-ups. Using the wrong chemical can result in injury or property damage. Have the right PPE available. Check safety data sheets for requirements and make sure PPE is worn properly.
  
  

Additional resources:

SAIF hazard communication page.

Video library
Hazard communication: Your safety net | HAZMAT-06
Chemical Safety | HAZMAT-16

Strains and sprains are one of the most common workplace injuries, occurring in every industry. Lifting, carrying, pushing, or pulling give rise to these injuries, and the need to perform those tasks is here to stay.

However, there are techniques for making a strain or sprain less likely. Start by looking at how your work area is organized. For instance:

• Raise or lower the work, which can reduce the need to reach up or down.
• Limit the number of times an item is handled to decrease repetive motions.
• Keep equipment, especially wheels and handles, in good condition to lessen the force and grip strength required.
• Organize the work area to prevent awkward postures.
• Install tools that keep the body in neutral postures (joints straight, back or neck not turned or twisted).

Additional resources:

SAIF ergonomics page 

Video library: Strains and sprains: Avoiding the pain | ERGO-06

Even when the skies are cloudy, ultra-violet rays are still hitting all surfaces, including your skin. If you are around water, snow, or sand, the risk is even higher as those rays are reflected, increasing your exposure. Whether you work or play outdoors, it makes sense to safeguard your skin to prevent cancer.

Here are some tips:

• Wear sunscreen; 30 SPF or more is recommended.
• Wear a hat and protective clothing outdoors.
• Stay in shaded areas when you can.
• Avoid tanning beds.
• Perform self-examinations on skin.

Find more information on how to prevent sunburn, lower your cancer risk, and protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.

Traffic snarls, communication breakdowns, and missed deadlines are just a few scenarios that can create anxiety at work. You may have heard the phrase ”take a deep breath” when faced with frustration. Turns out that's a pretty good strategy for calming yourself in a stressful situation, and research shows it also can have a positive impact on overall health.

Deep breathing exercises can be done anywhere—in the car, at a sporting event, or at a desk. Here are the steps:

• Place your hand on your abdomen and breathe in. Notice how your belly expands with each breath.
• Keep your shoulders relaxed and focus on relaxing your muscles with each breath.
• Try inhaling for a count of three and exhaling for a count of five. (As you get better at it, you can increase the count number.) Do this 10 times.
• Practice this daily and it becomes easier to do each time.

This exercise is not only good at reducing and managing stress, but has been shown to impact numerous health conditions such as high blood pressure, chronic pain, and headaches.

Additional resources:

WebMD breathing exercises

National Institutes of Health Relaxation Techniques for Health

Keeping the workplace clean impacts safety, but it goes beyond simple dusting.

Good housekeeping means reducing clutter, implementing the lean manufacturing idea of "a place for everything and everything in its place," and supporting a culture of neatness. These actions can go a long way toward preventing slips, trips, and falls, which are among the most frequent injuries across industries.
Here are some tips for keeping it clean:

• Clean as you go throughout the day.
• Set aside the last 30 minutes of each shift for cleaning. 
• Label shelves and floor areas where items are stored. 
• Empty the trash regularly so it doesn't overflow.
• Set an inspection schedule and praise employees for clean areas.

Additional resources:

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety
Workplace Housekeeping - Basic Guide

No one likes to think about the possibility of a disaster happening, but it could. Would your workplace be prepared to respond? Making sure employees are safe is management's most important role. Developing an emergency evacuation plan is the best way to start. If you already have a plan, regular review and drills will help employees follow the plan in an emergency.

Here are a few best practices for an emergency evacuation plan. This safety talk also provides an opportunity to review your unique plan with employees. Employees should know:

• How to respond in the event of an emergency
• How management will communicate to employees 
• How to contact emergency responders 
• The location of evacuation areas 
• Their role in an emergency and the role of their supervisor 
• How to ensure all employees are accounted for 
• Location of first aid kit 
• Location of food, water, and other supplies How to shutdown equipment, if needed

Additional resources:
Ready.gov - Prepare. Plan. Stay Informed

Oregon OSHA's Expecting the Unexpected: What to consider in planning for workplace emergencies

From SAIF's DVD library (available for checkout):
Emergency planning - Emergency evacuations: getting out alive | GENSAFE-60
15 minutes 

Whether you're working outdoors, sledding, or making snow angels, exposure to cold can have serious health consequences, such as frostbite or hypothermia.

Here are some ideas for staying safe in the cold:

• Cover up. Pay particular attention to your face, head, neck, and hands. 
• Dress in layers. Wear water-wicking fabrics, such as wool, silk, or polypropylene, next to your skin. Wear water-repellent outer layers, such as polyurethane laminate (PUL). Avoid cotton, which does not hold heat well. 
• Stay dry, especially hands and feet, which can be prone to frostbite in freezing temperatures. Overexertion that leads to sweating can also cause your body temperature to drop. 
• Take a rest. Limit exposure to extreme cold when possible, and take frequent breaks. 
• Recognize the symptoms. Early signs of cold-related injuries and illness include shivering, fatigue, confusion, and loss of coordination.

Additional resources:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cold stress topic page

Oregon OSHA cold stress card (English and Spanish)

From DVD library (available for checkout):
Heat/Cold Stress | Winter safety | GENSAFE-23  
15 minutes

Workplace illnesses are a common challenge in every organization, especially during seasonal outbreaks of influenza and the common cold. Workers who are sick are often more susceptible to workplace injuries and are usually less productive than employees who are healthy.

Here are some ideas for preventing infectious disease in the workplace and at home:

• Encourage people to stay home when ill. The Centers for Disease Control recommends staying home until 24 hours after vomiting has stopped or fever is gone without the use of a fever reducer. 
• Wash hands-long enough to sing Happy Birthday twice. 
• Cough into sleeves or into a facial tissue that is immediately discarded. 
• Get vaccinated as recommended.

Additional resources:

• SAIF's infectious disease topic page
• SAIF's Dodging the bugs: Infection control at work
• SAIF's flu fighters poster

From DVD library (available for checkout):

• Why don't we do it on our sleeves? | OCCUPAT-29 
  5 minutes
• Duet for clean hands (disc 1 and disc 2) | OCCUPAT-30 
  Disc 1 is 5 minutes; disc 2 is 6 minutes

Many jobs involve driving, but do we really think about preparing ourselves for what could happen on the road? Breakdowns, collisions, severe storms, or other natural disasters can put the brakes on your travel plans. 

Keep these items in your vehicle in the event of an emergency:

• Water          
• Warm blankets          
• Flashlight        
• Jumper cables        
• Flares          
• Tools to change a tire          
• Fully charged cell phone        
•  First-aid kit

Additional resources:

• Ready.gov car safety
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration summer driving tips

When the sun is out, people naturally think about getting plenty of water.  Employers will often admonish their workers to drink more water when the temperatures climb over 85 degrees.

However, hydration should be something we think about every day of the year-regardless of the outside temperature. 
Here are a few tips to ensure you are staying hydrated:

• Drink small amounts of water throughout the day. 
• Store water in an accessible location so it is available during the work shift. 
• Avoid caffeine or energy drinks, which are diuretics and can lead to dehydration. 
• Consume moisture rich foods such as cucumbers, carrots, or celery to supplement water intake. Monitor the color of your urine. It should be clear or lightly colored.

Additional resources: Hydration: information for employers and workers

Staying hydrated; staying healthy (American Heart Association) 

Seeing someone hit their thumb with a hammer in a slapstick comedy may be funny. Hurting your own thumb is no laughing matter. Neither is a laceration, another common injury with hand tools. Here are a few tips to keep your digits safe:

• Use the appropriate tool for its intended use.
• Keep the tool in good working condition. 
• Replace broken or damaged tools. 
• Use the tool correctly. 
• Store the tool properly on a rack or in a toolbox. 

Additional resources:
SAIF guide on hand tool safety
Choose hand safety website 

If you're lucky enough to work outdoors in the summer, you may be unlucky enough to get exposed to biting, stinging insects or poisonous plants, such as poison oak.

For the rest of us, outdoor summer activities such as hiking or camping may result in these unwelcome exposures. Either way, the prevention information below should come in handy.

Protecting against biting and stinging insects:

• Wear clothing to cover as much of the body as possible.
• Avoid perfumes and other scented personal care products.   
• Wear insect repellent. 
• Cover food immediately to avoid attracting insects. 
• If you're allergic, let others know and carry an epinephrine autoinjector.

Protecting against poisonous plants:

• Wear clothing to cover as much of the body as possible. 
• Use skins creams containing bentoquatum if you're in area where exposure may occur. 
• Never burn poisonous plants; this may result in an allergic respiratory reaction. 
• Remove exposed clothing carefully to avoid skin contact and launder separately from other clothing.
• Study pictures of poisonous plants so you can readily identify and avoid them.

Additional resources:

NIOSH Fast Facts on Protecting Yourself from Stinging Insects

NIOSH Fast Facts on Protecting Yourself from Poisonous Plants

It's not something anyone wants to think about-an active shooter at your workplace, your children's school, or in a public area such as a shopping mall. Even though it's scary, taking time to think about such an event allows you to make a plan-so you can react, instead of freezing, should the unthinkable occur.

The Department of Homeland Security in partnership with Ready Houston (City of Houston Emergency Management) has created a video entitled Run.Hide.Fight. It can be a useful training tool for employers who may want to educate their employees on tactics for surviving such an event. Other tips are available on the active shooter pocket card.

When law enforcement arrives:

• Remain calm and follow instructions.
• Put down any items in your hands (i.e., bags, jackets).
• Raise hands and spread fingers.
• Keep hands visible at all times.
• Avoid quick movements toward officers, such as holding on to them for safety.
• Avoid pointing, screaming or yelling.
• Do not stop to ask officers for help or direction when evacuating.
  
  

Online resources:

Violence in the workplace topic page

Run. Hide. Fight. video

Active shooter pocket card

With warmer weather comes yard and garden work-both at work and at home. Many employers have groundskeepers or maintenance employees keep the lawns mowed, foliage trimmed, and flowers blooming.

This work has many hazards-from power tools to pesticides-and it makes good business sense to review best practices with all employees. Remember, an injury at home can still negatively impact the workplace. Here are a few basics to remember:

• Use fuel containers approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation and store them safely, away from heat sources or potential sparks.
• Read pesticide labels and use them in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) both at work and at home. Long pants and gloves can go a long way toward protecting skin-and don't forget high visibility apparel if work will be performed around cars. Using a chainsaw? Wearing chaps could save your life in the event of an unexpected kickback.

Inspect all equipment before use, ensuring saw blades and electrical cords are in good condition. Make sure cords are heavy duty; equipping them with ground-fault-circuit-interrupters (GFCI) provides protection from electrocution.

Additional resources:

• Oregon OSHA's Guide for Landscaping
• Washington L & I Ergonomics for Landscaping

Videos (can be checked out in video library):

• Groundskeeping safety: be a pro! - AGRI-11
• Danger: chain saw - GENSAFE-09
• Orientation to ag back injury prevention - AGRI-0

Slips, trips, and falls cause 15 percent of all accidental deaths, second only to motor vehicle accidents. They can happen anywhere and at any time.
With that in mind, reviewing some of the most common causes of slips, trips, and falls can make an impact at your worksite and increase safety awareness at home.

Slips, trips, or falls--what's the difference?
Slips are the result of insufficient traction between your footwear and your walking surface. Wet floors, ice, or unsecured mats or rugs can cause them. Trips result from your foot striking an object, causing you to lose balance. Examples include cords, tree roots, or uneven steps. Falls are often the result of slips or trips, and can lead to serious injuries such as broken bones or severe bruises.

How to prevent them:

• Start with the feet: How worn out are your shoe soles? Do they provide enough traction?
• Establish and maintain good housekeeping practices. Clutter can cause injuries.
• Ensure cords are bundled together, located out of walking areas, and secured to prevent tripping.
• Address spills immediately. Use wet floor warning signs--or even better, block off the area entirely--to protect pedestrians.
• Use ladders that are in good repair and follow manufacturer guidelines.
• Use extra caution when walking on ice or snow.

Additional resources:

• SAIF's Prevent Slips, Trips, and Falls Guide
• SAIF's brochure with prevention tips

Videos (can be checked out at our video library): ·        

• Slips, trips, and falls: stranger than friction (GENSAFE-30 English and GENSAFE-31 Spanish) 
• Slips, trips, and falls (GENSAFE-53) 
• Slips, trips, and falls: taking the right steps (GENSAFE-34)

Controlling hazardous energy is critical to staying safe around machinery and its moving parts.

What is hazardous energy?
Hazardous energy can be generated directly or it can be the leftover or stored energy after machinery has been shut off. Either way, this energy can cause serious crushing injuries, electrocution, and even death.
According to OSHA, nearly 10 percent of serious accidents are caused by the failure to control hazardous energy, so investing time in reviewing proper procedures with employees is time well spent.

What is lockout/tagout?
Every machine or piece of equipment has its own specific lockout/tagout procedures, which should be used when repairing, servicing, or cleaning. These procedures are designed to safeguard workers from electrical, mechanical, gravitational, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, or thermal energy.

What do I need to do?
Well written energy control procedures must include the following steps:  

• Inform all affected employees of shutdown.  
• Turn off all equipment in the correct order.  
• Find and use energy-isolating devices to block hazardous energy.  
• Lock out or tag out the energy-isolating devices.  
• Remove, drain, bleed off, or otherwise neutralize stored energy.  
• Ensure the equipment is no longer connected to energy sources by turning it on.

Learn more

Oregon OSHA's guide to controlling hazardous energy

Toolbox talk: lockout/tagout (Center for Construction Research and Training)

Videos (available for checkout) on our lockout/tagout page:

• Lockout/tagout: safe in 8 (8 minutes)
• Lockout/tagout: training for employees (16 minutes)
• Lockout/tagout: make no mistake (17 minutes)

What's the best advice for driving in ice and snow? Don't drive at all if you can avoid it.

But if you must be on the road in winter weather, be prepared. Make sure your vehicle is well-maintained and has plenty of gas. Keep warm clothing, food and water, and an emergency kit in the vehicle. Check road and weather conditions before you leave. And allow extra time to reach your destination.

Here's more advice for staying safe on the road this winter. Discuss these ideas with your safety committee and develop a plan on how to implement them in your workplace.

Before you drive:·         

• Check antifreeze and windshield fluid levels
• Check weather reports and road conditions. (Oregon Department of Transportation TripCheck) 
• Make sure chains are in good condition and stowed neatly. 
• Think about where you can stop, if necessary, for fuel and chaining up.

Pack an emergency kit.
Warm clothing is essential. Oregon OSHA also recommends that employers consider providing these supplies for workers who drive frequently as part of their jobs:

• Flares
• Water
• Snacks
• Jumper cables
• First-aid kit
• Tow strap
• Flashlight or headlamp
• Whistle
• High visibility clothing or vest
• Thermal blanket
• Waterproof gloves 

Also good to have:

• Knee pads and/or tarp for kneeling in snow and ice
• Shovel 

Be safe on the road:

• Maintain a following distance of eight to 12 seconds.
• Adjust speed to compensate for reduced visibility and traction.
• Look a quarter mile ahead.
• Stay in the right lane. Avoid the shoulder, where vehicles may be stopped.
• Observe changing road conditions.
• Be ready to chain up if outside temperature falls below 35 degrees and no spray is visible from wet road.
• Leave window cracked and listen to detect chain malfunctions.
• Watch for iced bridges.
• Use high beams for visibility; low beams with oncoming traffic. 

Additional resources:
Winter driving best practices